Jiaocheng Pear Jujube [Shanxi Jiaocheng Specialty]

What is Jiaocheng Pear Jujube? Authentic Shanxi Jiaocheng specialty: Jiaocheng pear jujube

Content summary:Do you want to know what Jiaocheng pear jujube is? This article is a detailed introduction to the special product of Jiaocheng, Shanxi Province - Jiaocheng Pear and Jujube. It was compiled and edited by the editorial team of China Specialty Network after reviewing and collecting relevant information on Jiaocheng Pear and Jujube. The full text takes about 16 minutes to read, mainly including the basic introduction of Jiaocheng Pear and Jujube and the product characteristics of Jiaocheng Pear and Jujube? How did the history of Jiaocheng pear jujube come about? Wait

Basic Introduction of Jiaocheng Pear Jujube

Jiaocheng Pear Jujube is a rare, precious, and delicious variety in China, mainly distributed in the Pingchuan area, and is known as the king of jujubes.

. Pear jujube has a nearly circular shape and a very large fruit, with an average weight of 30 grams per fruit and a maximum weight of 80 grams. Pear jujube has thin skin and thick flesh, with a bright color and excellent taste. It is sweet, crispy, slightly sour, and has a refreshing fragrance

Regional Scope

Jiaocheng jujube is distributed in the central and southern parts of Jiaocheng County, on the eastern side of Lvliang Mountain, on the western edge of Jinzhong Basin, between 111 ° 17 ′ -111 ° 24 ′ E longitude and 37 ° 28 ′ -37 ° 54 ′ N latitude. The distribution area is 1822.11 square kilometers, with an altitude of 800-1200 meters; Distributed in Tianning Town, Xiajiaying Town, Xiying Town, Hongxiang Township, Lingdi Township, Xishe Town and other places in Jiaocheng County. The total production area is 35000 mu, and the annual production volume is 10 million kilograms

Natural ecological environment and cultural historical factors

(1) Soil topography: Within the distribution range of Jiaocheng pear jujube, the average organic matter content in the soil surface is 1.37%, with the lowest being 0.7%. The average total nitrogen content is 0.074%, with the lowest being 0.042%. The average available phosphorus content is 11.00ppm, with the lowest being 2.5ppm. The average available potassium content is 119ppm, with the lowest being 23ppm. The soil fertility and organic matter content in Pingchuan are between 1.4% and 2.0%. The average total nitrogen content is 0.094%, the average available phosphorus is 17.8ppm, and the average available potassium is 112ppm. The main soil characteristics include cultivated alluvial light colored meadow soil, cultivated alluvial brown soil, and light brown soil, with a texture ranging from light to medium loam and a deep soil layer

(2) Hydrological conditions: Pear and jujube trees have the characteristics of drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. The distribution range of Jiaocheng pear jujube belongs to the Wenyu River Basin, with clean and pollution-free water quality, good irrigation conditions, and a general annual precipitation of over 400mm; Soil moisture content ranges from 60% to 80%. Suitable for pear and jujube cultivation

(3) Climate characteristics: The distribution range of Jiaocheng pear jujube belongs to the continental climate of the Loess Plateau, with more drought and less rainfall. The annual rainfall is 400-680mm, mainly concentrated in July, August, and September. The annual sunshine hours are 2741.8 hours, with an annual physiological radiation of 66.7 kcal/cm and an average annual sunshine percentage of 62%. The heat resources gradually decrease from southeast to northwest, with a large temperature difference in mountainous areas and significant changes in day and night temperatures. The climate in Pingchuan is relatively mild, with relatively small temperature changes in winter. The average annual temperature in Pingchuan and border mountainous areas is slightly higher than 10 ℃, with a frost free period of 165 days and a cumulative temperature of 3700 ℃ or above. The average temperature in mountainous areas is between 4-10 ℃, with a frost free period of 120-150 days

3 Production Technology Regulations

(1) Origin Selection: Deep soil layer, good permeability, relatively fertile sandy loam soil, soil salt content below 0.3%; Soil organic matter content is above 1%; PH value 6.5-8.2; Groundwater level below 3m; Areas with an altitude below 1200m are suitable. Require an annual sunshine duration of at least 2300 hours, and adopt a wide row and dense planting method when building the park. The annual average temperature is above 8 ℃. It can be cultivated in areas with a frost free period of more than 160 days throughout the year. Jujube trees have the characteristics of drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. Precipitation of over 400mm in general years; Soil moisture content ranges from 60% to 80%. Gentle and light winds can change the temperature and humidity of jujube orchards, which is beneficial for fruiting and fruit development. When the wind level is too high, it can cause wind damage. When building a garden, it is necessary to create a windproof forest belt. For garden construction in mountainous and hilly areas, a working area of 2 hm2-3hm2 is recommended, while a flat jujube garden of 3 hm2-6 hm2 is suitable. The shape of the homework area should be a rectangle with a ratio of 2:1 or 5:2. The construction of jujube orchard protective forest belt adopts a combination of trees and shrubs. The plant spacing within the forest belt is 1m-1.5m, and the row spacing is 1.5m-2m. Tree species for protective forests include poplar, willow, and other trees, while shrubs such as purple locust and thorns are used. The planting of protective forest belts should be at least 10 meters away from jujube trees. In areas with strong winds, a row of shrubs should be added between two rows of trees, with a tree to shrub ratio of 1:1

(2) Variety selection and cultivation requirements: Select primary or secondary seedlings. The purity of grafted seedlings is over 98%, and the purity of returned seedlings is over 90%. Firstly, based on the planting density, the planting points should be determined and marked. The planting pit should be 80cm long, wide, and deep each. When digging the pit, the topsoil and subsoil should be placed on both sides separately. Apply 50kg organic fertilizer, 1kg superphosphate or compound fertilizer to each pit, mix well with the topsoil, and then apply them into the middle and lower part of the pit, burying and tamping them down, in the shape of Mantou. Then bury the seedlings about 3cm above the original excavation site. When planting seedlings, it is necessary to achieve three burials, two steps, and one lifting of the seedlings, with the seedlings straight, roots spread, and rows aligned. When the size of seedlings is uneven, they should be planted in different grades. Pre planting seedlings are treated with short pruning, secondary pruning, root trimming, soaking, rooting powder, mud, and other treatments. After planting, repair two embankments along both sides of the tree row to form a 1m wide nutrient protection zone. After planting, water the plant in a timely manner. After the water seeps, when the ground is slightly dry, shallow hoe it once and cover it with plastic film. After watering or heavy rain in the future, timely carry out middle plowing and weeding

(3) Production process management: Planting can be done in both spring and autumn. Spring planting should be carried out after the soil has thawed and before germination, and it is advisable to plant it appropriately late. Autumn planting should be carried out after the leaves have fallen and before the soil freezes, with early planting being preferred. In flat water areas, a plant spacing of 2m × 3m is recommended, while in dry slopes, a spacing of 2m-3m × 4m-5m is recommended. It is advisable to use north-south rectangular and cross shaped planting, equal height planting on sloping land, and circular planting on terraced fields

(4) Product harvesting and processing: The ripening period of fresh jujubes is generally divided into three stages: white ripening, semi red ripening, and crispy ripening. The size and shape of the fruit are basically formed, and the color of the skin changes from green to green white. At this time, the sugar accumulation in the fruit is the fastest, and the content of vitamin C continues to increase. When used as a raw material for jujube processing, this period is the suitable harvest time. When the coloring area of the fruit peel reaches more than 50%, it enters the semi red stage, during which the accumulation of sugar gradually slows down, and the flavor and taste basically reflect the characteristics that this variety should have. As a storage period for fresh jujubes, this period is suitable for harvesting. The fruit yield has basically reached its maximum value, and the smoothness, hardness, and flavor quality of the skin have reached their optimal state. This is the suitable harvesting period for fresh and processed jujube

Due to the long flowering period of jujubes, the fruit setting and ripening period may not coincide sooner or later, so they should be harvested in stages according to the requirements of their use in production. Picking method: It must be manually picked. Before picking, the nails should be cut short and the dates should be picked and placed gently to ensure the quality of fresh jujubes. The jujube fruits stored and preserved should be picked in reverse with a stem. Picking jujube containers, use clean and hygienic cloth bags, cloth bags, or willow baskets or bamboo baskets with soft cotton cloth inside

(5) Production record requirements: In the process of pear and jujube production, strictly record each link of production, various agricultural operations, the usage period and frequency of agricultural inputs, and establish a traceable system for pear and jujube production

Typical quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) Quality characteristics of fresh jujube: All grades of pear jujube should have completely good fruit quality, fresh and clean, no abnormal odor, no abnormal external moisture, carefully picked, fully developed, and mature to meet market and storage requirements; No moldy or rotten fruit, no insect infested fruit, no diseased fruit, no cracked fruit, no damaged jujube, clean and hygienic fruit surface, with a coloring degree of half red to full red

(2) Product quality and safety regulations: Refer to the relevant provisions of the national food hygiene standards of the People's Republic of China GB2762-81 "Mercury Allowable Standards in Foods", GB5127 "Allowable Residue Standards for Dichlorvos, Leguo, Malathion, and Parathion in Foods", GB-4788-84 "Hygienic Standards for Residues of Phosphorus, Dichlorvos, and Fenthion in Foods", GB4810-84 "Allowable Standards for Total Arsenic in Foods", and GB4809-84 "Allowable Limit Standards for Fluorine in Foods"

(Jiaocheng Pear Jujube enjoys a high reputation internationally. It attended a state banquet in 1987 and was designated as a special fruit for the 11th Asian Games in 1990. Jiaocheng Pear Jujube was awarded the "International Highest Gold Award" at the first International Medical, Nutrition, and Health Products Expo, and was recognized as a "Famous Brand Product" for three consecutive years at the "97", "99", and "2001" China International Agricultural Expo.

Since the reform and opening up, the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and Government have attached great importance to the development of high-quality varieties of Jiaocheng Pear Jujube. Party and state leaders such as 1, Chen Junsheng, 1, Song Jian, Deng Nan, etc. have visited Jiaocheng for inspection and made comments on the development of pear Jujube.

The Jiaocheng pear jujube was named "Guozao" and inscribed with the words "Developing Guozao has great potential". It has been included in national and provincial Spark projects for support. Due to the tangible economic benefits brought to farmers by planting pear and jujube trees, the "early dense and abundant" cultivation technique of jujube trees has been widely promoted and applied in jujube regions across the country, achieving significant economic benefits. At present, the jujube industry has become a pillar industry for revitalizing the rural economy and achieving the goal of a moderately prosperous society in Jiaocheng County