Aohan Banner Buckwheat [Specialty of Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia]

What is Aohan Flag Buckwheat? Authentic specialty of Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia: Aohan Banner buckwheat

Summary:Do you want to know what Aohan Banner buckwheat is? This article is a detailed introduction to the special product of Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia - Aohan Banner Buckwheat. It was compiled and edited by the editorial team of China Specialty Network after reviewing and collecting relevant information on Aohan Banner Buckwheat. The full text takes about 14 minutes to read, mainly including the basic introduction of Aohan Banner Buckwheat and the product characteristics of Aohan Banner Buckwheat? Wait

Basic Introduction of Buckwheat in Aohan Banner

Shuangjing Township, Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, is known as the "Hometown of Buckwheat". It has unique natural geographical conditions for growing buckwheat, with large temperature differences between day and night and sufficient sunlight, making it suitable for buckwheat growth. Therefore, buckwheat has a large planting area and high yield in this area, with an annual output of about 2 million kilograms. It is called "green food" because it is pesticide free and fertilizer free

Regional Scope

The specific location of the geographical indication of buckwheat in Aohan Banner is located in the southeast of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with geographic coordinates of 119 ° 32 ′ -120 ° 54 ′ E longitude and 41 ° 42 ′ -43 ° 01 ′ N. It borders Naiman Banner in Tongliao City to the east, Jianping County in Liaoning Province to the west, Chaoyang City and Beipiao City in Liaoning Province to the south, and Songshan District and Wengniute Banner in Chifeng City across the Laoha River to the north. Within the territory of Aohan Banner, 53 villages in Xiawa Town, Dadianzi Township, Linjiadi Township, and Manihan Township (town) have been designated as protected areas for the geographical indication of agricultural product "Aohan Banner Buckwheat". The production area is 54000 acres, with an annual total production of 5400 tons and an annual output value of 10.25 million yuan

Natural conditions and historical factors. The soil designated as the geographical indication protection area for agricultural product "Aohan Banner Buckwheat" includes loess, light soil, medium soil, and sandy soil, which are relatively fertile and easy to cultivate

(2) Hydrological situation: There are 5 main rivers in Aohan Banner, including 3 rivers of grade 3 or above, namely Laoha River, Lailai River, and Mengke River, which have basically dried up. Manihan Township, designated as a geographical indication area for agricultural product "Aohan Banner Buckwheat", belongs to the Mengke River Basin, while Xiawa Town belongs to the Lailai River Basin. Most areas are poor in water and buried deep<(3) Climate: Aohan Banner belongs to a temperate continental monsoon climate with distinct four seasons, characterized by dry and windy springs; Summer is hot, with water and heat in the same season; The temperature drops sharply in autumn, with less precipitation; Winter is dry and cold. The annual precipitation in Aohan Banner is 310-460 millimeters, and the average annual temperature in various parts of the banner is 5-7 ℃. The accumulated temperature of activities with an annual temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 2700-3200 ℃, and the frost free period is between 130-150 days

(4) Historical factors: As early as the Qing Dynasty, Aohan Banner had a history of buckwheat cultivation, but it did not form an industry. In the past decade, it has become the main buckwheat production base in Inner Mongolia and one of the leading industries of miscellaneous grains in Aohan Banner, which is a major source of income for farmers

Production Technology Operating Procedures

(1) Environmental Quality Requirements: The production base environment meets the NY5010 standard; The production base has flat terrain and fertile soil, advocating water-saving irrigation; Clean the farmland in a timely manner after harvest and destroy any remaining branches or leaves

(2) Origin conditions: Climate conditions: The annual daily average temperature of ≥ 2 ℃ is above 110 days, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is above 2200 ℃, and the annual precipitation is above 350mm

Soil conditions: The soil layer is deep, planted in neutral sandy loam soil, with an organic matter content of over 1% and a pH value of ≤ 8

(3) Cultivation techniques:

Land preparation: Before sowing, deeply plow and rake the soil to make it loose and the soil surface flat

Variety selection: Choose high-quality, high-yielding, and commercially viable seeds. For example, buckwheat varieties such as Windsor from the United States, Large Grain, Large Three Edged, Small Three Edged, Tea colored Limadao, Jiqiao 10, Ganqiao 2, etc

Seed quality: purity above 98%, purity above 98%, bud rate above 85%, moisture content below 13.5%

Seed coating: Using specialized seed coating agents for coating can reduce pests and diseases while increasing yield

Sunbathing seeds: Sunbathing seeds can increase germination rate, improve seed coat breathability and permeability, and promote seed ripening. You can choose sunny weather to sun the seeds for 7-10 days

Soaking seeds (soaking seeds): Soaking seeds in 35 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes or soaking seeds in 40 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes can increase the germination rate. Then soak the seeds in trace elements (such as 0.005% ammonium carbonate, 10.1% borax, 0.03% borax) for 30 minutes, remove them and dry them to promote seedling growth and increase yield

Sowing time: Spring sowing from late May to early June, summer sowing in early or late July

Sowing methods: strip sowing or sowing. Striped sowing, animal powered trenching, artificial seed rolling, pear spacing of 20-30cm; Sowing can be done on flat ground first, followed by sowing, and then gently raking or flattening

Sowing rate: 37.5-52.5kg per hectare

Sowing depth: Generally, the sowing depth is 4-6cm, with soil cover of 2-3cm

Reasonable planting: Reasonable planting is the foundation for achieving a reasonable population structure of buckwheat and is the guarantee for obtaining high yields. The appropriate sowing density is 1-1.05 million plants per hectare

Midfield weeding: Spring sowing buckwheat is generally weeded 2-3 times, summer sowing 2 times, and the last weeding is completed before the ridge is closed, with a weeding depth of 3-5cm

Irrigation and watering: Water can be irrigated in case of drought before flowering and grouting

Auxiliary pollination: Buckwheat is a cross pollinated crop, and in order to improve the fruiting rate, bees should be placed 2-3 days before flowering (about 10 boxes of bees per hectare); During the peak flowering period of buckwheat, every 2-3 days from 9am to 11am, a cloth with a length of 240-300cm and a width of 30cm can be used to tie a rope at each end, with two people holding one end each, to vibrate the plant and assist in pollination, which can significantly increase yield

Diseases and pests: The main diseases include stripe disease, brown spot disease, wilt disease, and downy mildew. The main insect pests include sticky worms, grassland moths, hook moths, mole crickets, and grubs

Disease and pest control: ① Agricultural control: Select high-quality disease resistant varieties, disinfect seeds before sowing, apply mature organic fertilizer, plant reasonably and densely, maintain soil cleanliness, and create suitable growth and development conditions.

Biological control: Plant derived pesticides include azadirachtin, matrine, nicotine, etc; Recommended use of biopharmaceuticals includes Liuyangmycin, Wuyi mycin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Nongkang 120, Nuclear Polyhedral Virus, Beauveria bassiana, Zygomycodin, Lulaibao, Weidi, and Polymycin Other prevention and control measures: high-pressure mercury lamps, black light lamps, frequency vibration lamps, sex attractants, etc Chemical prevention and control: Use efficient, low toxicity, and low residue chemical agents for prevention and treatment. The use of pesticides for prevention and control should comply with the requirements of national GB/4285 and GB/T8321

Harvest: The suitable harvest period is generally controlled when 75% of the seeds turn brown and show the inherent grain color of the original variety. The harvest time within a day should be before 11 am, and the seeds should be threshed after appropriate drying

(1) Quality characteristics: Buckwheat roots are straight roots with underdeveloped root systems. The stem is upright, 60-120cm high, with smooth, hollow, and angular internodes. The internodes are swollen, slightly curved, and have a small amount of fuzz. The stem is initially green, later red, and turns brown when mature, with branches. The leaves are heart-shaped, smooth and hairless, green in color, and have red purple veins and petioles containing anthocyanins. The flowers are umbrella shaped inflorescences, clustered, white, heteromorphic, and pollinated by alienation. The fruit is a water edged oval shaped achene, with skin that is light gray, dark gray, or black in color. The individual grain weight is 4-6 grams, and the thousand grain weight is 28 grams. The crude protein content of the grain is 15.28%, starch is 66.59%, crude fat is 3.32%, and rutin is 0.400%

(2) Quality and safety regulations: Follow the regulations on the quality and safety of pollution-free agricultural products, the rules for the application of pollution-free agricultural product fertilizers, and the rules for the application of pollution-free agricultural product pesticides

Packaging and labeling regulations

Strictly follow the rules for grading, packaging, labeling, storage, transportation, etc. of pollution-free agricultural products. The packaging is marked with the geographical indication of "Aohan Banner Buckwheat" agricultural product