Yunnan Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the upper part of the middle north section of the Ailao Mountains in central Yunnan Province, at the junction of the the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain and the southern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The geographical coordinates are between 100 ° 44 ′ -101 ° 30 ′ E and 23 ° 36 ′ -24 ° 56 ′ N. The reserve is about 130km long from north to south, about 4-9km wide from east to west in the south, and more than 20 km wide from east to west in the northern South China. The total area is 67700hm ². The main peak is called Ailao Mountain, with an altitude of 3166m
Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve is the largest primitive mid mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest area in China, with a special geographical location, complex landform types, diverse mountain climates, an average altitude of over 2500 meters, tall trees blocking the sky, interwoven shrubs and vines, moss covering the ground, and poor visibilityThe Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve spans five counties in Yunnan Province, namely Chuxiong, Shuangbai, Jingdong, Zhenyuan, and Xinping, and is a forest ecosystem type nature reserve. The purpose is to protect the subtropical Zhongshan moist evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem and precious wild animals such as black gibbons, green peacocks, and gray leaf monkeysIn March 1986, a provincial-level nature reserve was officially established. In May 1988, a national nature reserve was establishedHistorical evolution
Ailao Mountain sceneryIn 1981, the Yunnan Provincial People's Government determined that the planned protected area was 436494 acres Position Ailaoshan SceneryYunnan Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve is located in the upper part of the middle and northern Ailaoshan Mountains in central Yunnan Province, at the junction of three major geographical regions, namely, the the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Hengduan Mountain and the southern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, involving three prefectures (cities) and six counties (cities) in Yunnan Province, including Jingdong Yi Autonomous County in Pu'er City, Zhenyuan Yi Hani Lahu Autonomous County, Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County of Yuxi City, Shuangbai County, Chuxiong City and Nanhua County of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The geographical coordinates are 100 ° 44 ′ -101 ° 30 ′ E longitude and 23 ° 36 ′ -24 ° 56 ′ N latitude. It belongs to the forest ecosystem type nature reserve. The protected area is about 130km long from north to south, about 4-9km wide from east to west in the south, and more than 20km wide from east to west in the south of the north. The total area is 67700hm2, with the main peak called Ailao Mountain and an altitude of 3166 meters Climate Falls in Ailao Mountain Nature ReserveAilao Mountain is the watershed between Yuanjiang River and Mojiang River, the boundary between the the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains. It is also the natural barrier of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau climate, and the southern branch of Yunling Mountains. It starts in the south of Dali Prefecture and ends in the south of Honghe Prefecture, with a length of nearly 1000 kilometers, an altitude of more than 2000 meters in general, and nine peaks with an altitude of more than 3000 meters, with a main peak of 3166 meters. The main role of Ailao Mountain in terms of climate is that in winter, weak cold air is blocked by the mountain, and strong cold air has become the end of a strong force after crossing the mountain; When the southwest warm and humid airflow enters the east, it is blocked by the mountain, resulting in more precipitation west and south of Ailao Mountain than in the east. The temperature is higher than in the eastern region at the same latitude and altitude, and the number of cold waves invading in winter is also less than in the east. Due to the large relative height difference of the mountain, the climate is vertically distributed, with the following climates from the foothills to the mountaintop: South subtropical, Central subtropical, North subtropical, Warm temperate, Temperate, and Cold temperate Hydrology The rivers within the protected area belong to the Yuanjiang (Red River) water system. Yuanjiang has two sources, the western source originates from the Maocaoshao watershed at the border of Weishan and Dali, and the eastern source originates from the mountainous area in the southwest of Xiangyun. After the Yuan River originates, it flows southward and converges at the junction of Nanjian and Midu before turning eastward. It then flows southeast through counties such as Nanhua, Chuxiong, Shuangbai, Xinping, Yuanjiang, and Honghe before exiting at Hekou County and flowing into Vietnam before finally emptying into the Gulf of Tonkin. On the east side is the Lishe River (also known as Gasa River and Shiyang River in sections), the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yuanjiang River. On the west side are the Zhegan River and the Dabian River in the upper reaches of the Amo River, both of which are major tributaries of the Lixian River. There are about 50 small and large tributaries of the Lishe River, Zhegan River, and Chuan River in the protected area, which intersect with the main stream at a large angle and form a feather shaped or grid shaped water system. They have the characteristics of mountainous rivers, with deep river cuts, large slope gradients, and many steep rapids. They are rich in hydraulic resources. There are significant differences between the rivers originating from the western part of the Ailao Mountains and the eastern rivers. The eastern tributaries mostly originate from the eastern Yunnan Plateau, with long rivers and large drainage areas; The western tributaries are mainly from the mountainous areas in the middle of Ailao Mountain, all of which are relatively short, but the river has a large drop and fast flowing water, with many rapids, drops, and waterfalls Scenery of Ailao Mountain Nature ReserveAilao Mountain National Nature Reserve ranges from the southeast corner (at the junction of Heping Township in Zhenyuan County and Jiasa Town in Xinping County) along both sides of the main ridge of Ailao Mountain to Majie in Nanhua County. There are two management bureaus, Jingdong and Zhenyuan, on the west slope, three management bureaus, Xinping, Shuangbai, and Chuxiong, on the east slope, and Nanhua Management Bureau on the northwest side. The total area of the district is 67700 hectares, including 10204 hectares in the Shuangbai area Protected objects Yunnan yewAilao Mountain National Nature Reserve to protect the subtropical humid evergreen forest ecosystem; Important water conservation; The purpose is to protect precious wild animals such as black langurs and green peacocks ① Plant resources with rich species and complex components There are 1482 species of higher plants (belonging to 207 families and 720 genera) in the protected area. There are 17 species of wild plants under national protection, including water green trees, wild lychees, Yunnan seven leaf trees, cypress trees, dryland oil fir trees, and Renmu trees ② Numerous forest types dominated by Yunnan endemic species ③ Obvious vertical landscape of mountainous vegetation Dongpo: Below an altitude of 800 meters, there is a dry and hot valley with sparse trees, shrubs, and grasslands; The altitude range of 800-1200 meters is a dry evergreen broad-leaved forest belt; At an altitude of 1200-2400 meters, there is a semi humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and Yunnan pine forest belt; At an altitude of 2400-3000 meters, there is a mixed forest belt of moist evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous broad-leaved trees in Zhongshan; The altitude range of 2800-3100 meters is the evergreen broad-leaved moss dwarf forest belt; Above an altitude of 3000 meters is the subalpine shrub belt West slope: Below an altitude of 2200 meters, there is a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and Simao pine forest belt; The Zhongshan moist evergreen broad-leaved forest belt is located at an altitude of 2200-2800 meters; The evergreen broad-leaved moss dwarf forest belt is located at an altitude of 2800-3000 meters; Above an altitude of 3000 meters is the subalpine rhododendron shrub belt ④ A complete and stable forest ecosystem The protected area is far away from residential areas and is rarely disturbed by human activities. The primitive evergreen broad-leaved forest, covering an area of 33000 hectares, is rare in China. It has a rich variety of plant species and a damp and shady habitat within the forest, earning it the nickname "temperate rainforest" and playing a significant role in conserving water sources. The two foothills of Ailao Mountain are famous areas for grain and economic crops, and one of their important production conditions is the conservation of water sources and regulation of water volume by forests. There are more than 100 species of animals in Ailao Mountain, including the black langur, short tailed monkey, and Philippine langur, which are under national protection. There are 323 species of birds, including 260 resident birds and 63 migratory birds, making it an important passage for migratory birds. There are 39 species of reptiles, among which Jingdong bearded toad and Ailao toad are endemic species of Ailao Mountain Plants In terms of the division of plant flora, Yunnan is located in the convergence zone of the Pan Arctic plant zone and the ancient tropical plant zone. The Ailao Mountain Reserve is precisely in this transitional zone between the north and south, belonging to the Pan Arctic plant zone, the China Himalayan forest plant sub zone, and the Yunnan Plateau small zone. According to the "Comprehensive Investigation Report Collection of Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve" and the "Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Report of Nanhua University Zhongshan Provincial Nature Reserve in the Northern Section of Ailao Mountain, Yunnan", the plant species in the reserve are extremely rich, with 1813 species of vascular plants belonging to 207 families and 720 genera. Among them: 48 families, 118 genera, and 446 species of ferns; 7 families, 12 genera, and 20 species of gymnosperms; There are 165 families, 647 genera, and 1347 species of angiosperms. Among the numerous plant resources, there are 13 species of wild plants under national key protection, among which 4 species, including Yunnan yew, are under national first-class protection; There are 9 species under national level II protection, including water green trees and cypress trees; There are 21 provincial-level protected wild plants in Yunnan, including Aristolochia yunnanensis Animals Black GibbonsThe wild animals in the protected area belong to the southwestern part of the Oriental realm and the southwestern mountainous subregion in terms of fauna. According to the comprehensive scientific investigation report of Ailao Mountain, there are 86 species of mammals in the protected area, belonging to 27 families and 63 genera; There are 323 species of birds belonging to 51 families; There are 65 species of amphibians and reptiles, belonging to 17 families and 43 genera. There are 20 species of mammals, among which 6 species are under national first-class protection, including black gibbons, gray leaf monkeys, clouded leopards, leopards, forest musk deer, and takins; There are 14 species under national level II protection, including macaques and black bears; One species of provincial-level protected mammal, the hairy crowned deer, in Yunnan. There are 33 species of birds, including 2 species of green peacock and black necked long tailed pheasant under national first-class protection; There are 31 species under national level II protection, including the Phoenix Hornet Eagle and White Pheasant. There are 4 species of amphibians and reptiles, including 1 species of nationally protected reptile, the python; One species of reptile, the red spotted salamander, is protected at the national level II; Yunnan Province protects two species of reptiles, the cobra and the king cobra. There are 46 beneficial and economically and scientifically valuable terrestrial wildlife species in Yunnan Province, including the brown breasted bamboo chicken Institutions DacaobaAilaoshan National Nature Reserve, approved by the Yunnan Provincial People's Government as a provincial-level nature reserve in 1995. And in the same year, a protected area management office was established, which included a forest police station and four management points Management In view of the special protection value of Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, on April 17, 2003, it was declared a national nature reserve and approved by the National Nature Reserve Evaluation Committee. On August 27, 2003, the General Office of the State Council approved the expansion into the Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve. According to the land (forest) ownership division, there are 11356 hectares of state-owned forests, accounting for 65.5% of the total area, and 5987 hectares of collective forests, accounting for 34.5% of the total area The protected area attaches great importance to community education work. Through more than ten years of extensive publicity, it has a good cooperative relationship with surrounding towns and villages. The ecological protection awareness of the masses has gradually improved. Governments at all levels and surrounding community residents support the management of the protected area and actively cooperate with forest fire prevention and the protection of biological resources. At the same time, the management department of the protected area attaches great importance to the construction of various public welfare undertakings related to the surrounding communities, forming a path of mutual support and common development Wild Fungi in Ailao MountainAilao Mountain National Nature Reserve is located in the central northern part of the Ailao Mountains, at the intersection of three natural regions in southwestern China. The unique geographical location, complex landform types, and diverse mountainous climate provide a favorable environment for the survival and reproduction of biological species in Ailao Mountain. The vegetation in the protected area has a clear vertical band spectrum, and the forest on the mountaintop is the largest preserved Zhongshan evergreen broad-leaved forest in China. There are about 1500 species of higher plants, among which 14 are nationally protected plants such as water chestnut and wild lychee; There are 435 species of higher animals, among which more than 20 are nationally protected animals such as black gibbons, short tailed monkeys, and green peacocks. Has significant scientific valueGeographical Environment
Zhenyuan Administration Bureau of Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan
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Nature Reserve Management
Status and Value