label
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Scenic spot description
Historical Development
Kunming has a long history and splendid culture. It is one of the first 24# 3# National Historical and Cultural Citiesannounced by the State Council, with a history of more than 2200 years of city construction. The Dianchi Lake area has a civilization history of 3000 years. About 30000 years ago, humans lived in the Dianchi Lake area
Tens of thousands of years ago, the ancestors of the Kunming people had already lived a primitive life in this area, eating raw food and drinking blood, living in caves and wilderness areas. About 4000 to 7000 years ago, there were already settled agricultural ethnic groups in the Dianchi Lake area, engaged in primitive agriculture such as "slash and burn farming" and various business activities such as hunting and raising livestock and poultry, and were able to spin and weave fabrics. The Dianchi Lake area and rice cultivation have a history of at least thousands of years
Neolithic AgeandBronze AgeThe Dianchi Lake area is home to numerous tribal clans, mainly consisting ofBaipupeopleDi people,Qiang peopleand other nomadic ethnic groups crossed the Jinsha RiverfromShaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuanand entered the Dianchi Lake area, where they merged with the local Pu people to form the Dian ethnic group, promoting the development and development of the Dianchi Lake area
In the third century BC (298-277 BC), General Zhuang Jian of Chu State led his troops to Yunnan and arrived in the Dianchi area. They formed an alliance with local tribes and established the "Dian State", calling themselves the "Dian King". Their former city is located in Jincheng Town, Jinning County, Jinning County. The "Zhuang Kai Dian" brought advanced culture and technology from the Chu state and the interior of the Central Plains, which played a certain positive role in promoting the political and economic development of the Dianchi region, which was dominated by the Dian tribes at that time@From the Warring States period of 47# to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty of 49#, the "Dian people" around Dianchi Lake established the Dian Kingdom and created a unique "Dian culture" of 51#@After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, it actively sought to develop the "Southwest Barbarians" region. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (109 BC), Emperor Wu of Han (61 BC) conscripted soldiers from the Bashu region, forcing the Prince of Dian to surrender. The Han Dynasty established Yizhou Commandery with the Dianchi Lake area as the center, with the county seat located near present-day Jincheng, along with the residence of the Dian King. Counties under the county: Kunming isGuchang County, Kunyang isJianling County, Jinning is Dianchi County, Anning isLianran County, Fumin isQinzang County, Yiliang isKunze County. Thecounty systemofcentralizationwas implemented to the southwest border, marking the beginning of ancient Yunnan accepting direct rule from the central dynasty. The implementation of the county system effectively promoted the disintegration of the slave society in the Dianchi area. The Han immigrants and the dissemination of advanced technology and culture in the Central Plains have brought the economic development of the Dianchi region to a new levelShu HanZhuge LiangpacifiedNanzhong, changed Yizhou Commandery toJianning Commandery, "the county seat still remains the old Yizhou Commandery", appointed "big surnames" as local officials, and implemented policies to promote ethnic unity@In the seventh year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (271 AD), the four commanderies of Nanzhong (Jianning, Yunnan, Yongchang, and Xinggu) were separated from Yizhou (with its capital in Chengdu) and established Ningzhou (with its capital in Chengdu). Ningzhou (with its capital in Chengdu) was listed alongside Yizhou and became one of the nineteen prefectures in China@After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the power of the "Fang Tu Da Xing" gradually grew stronger and became the ruler of the central Yunnan region. In the 14th year of Xianhe in the Western Jin Dynasty (339 AD), the Jin Dynasty conferred the title of Ningzhou Governor and recognized his hereditary status
After more than two hundred years of political turmoil and ethnic conflicts in the Central Plains during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Cuan clan maintained a relatively stable social situation of "equal labor and peaceful education" in a corner of Kunchuan, which led to new developments in the social economy of the Dianchi Lake region. By the end of the Liang Dynasty and the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the Dianchi area had become a prosperous and prosperous region in terms of economy, with a large number of registered residents and abundant resources, as well as many horses, rhinoceroses, and pearls
SuiEstablished in the 13th year of Daye (617 AD)Tang Dynasty, 92 prefectures were successively established in Yunnan. The Dianchi area is the main part of 92 provinces. In the first year of the Wude reign of the Tang Dynasty (618 AD), the Tang Dynasty appointed the descendant of the Cuan family, Cuan Hongda, as the Governor of Kunzhou, with jurisdiction over the county. The capital was still located in Yining City. In the mid Tang Dynasty, the power of the Mongols rose in the area of Erhai Lake and 134, establishing the Nanzhao Kingdom of 135. In the first year of the Wu Zhou Shen Gong era (697 AD), Kunming surrendered to Wu Zhou, and Wu Zetian established it as Douzhou. In the fifth to sixth year of the Tianbao reign of the Tang Dynasty (746-747 AD), the Mongols at 140# Piruoge at 141# launched an attack on Anning and destroyed the Cuan clan. In the first year of the Yongtai reign of the Tang Dynasty (765 AD), the Meng family ordered their eldest son Feng Jiayi (146# Feng Jiayi, 147#) to establish 148# Tuodong City 149# in Kunchuan and stationed him there. Tuodong City became a major town in the eastern part of Nanzhao Kingdom at that time. The opening of Tuodong City laid the foundation for the urban development of ancient Kunming and developed into the second political, economic, military, and cultural center of Nanzhao. It was an important passage for communication between Guangxi, Guizhou, and Annam (now Vietnam), and played an important role in the social and economic development of Southwest China and international exchanges with Southeast Asia at that time. In the first year of the Yongtai reign of the Tang Dynasty (765 AD), Nanzhao Kingdom built Tuodong City, marking the beginning of the construction of Kunming cityDali Kingdomwas called Shanchan City. Tuodong City and Shanchan City are respectively the capital cities of Nanzhao Kingdom and Dali Kingdom
NanzhaoIn the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (937 AD), the Duan family of Dali seized the Nanzhao regime, established the Dali Kingdom, unified Yunnan, and established the Shanchan Prefecture (158# Shanchan Prefecture) on the basis of expanding the eastern city, which was one of the eight prefectures of Dali Kingdom. The governance of the prefecture follows the tradition of Tuodong City. The Duan regime underwent significant social changes internally, including the release of slaves, exemption from corv é e labor, further disintegration of the aristocratic rule of Nanzhao, and liberation of social productive forces. The urban scale of Shanchan Prefecture further expanded, and the bustling city center gradually moved to the area west of Panlong River (now Jinbi Road and Sanshi Street), where the ruler of Dali often resided. The rulers of the Duan family built palace gardens and water conservancy projects in Shanchan. By the end of the Dali Kingdom, Shanchan had developed into a prosperous city with a large number of merchants and workers in central Yunnan@In the third year of Emperor Xianzong's reign (1253), the Yuan army captured Yunnan@In the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty (1276), after the reign of Saidianchi of the Yuan Dynasty, the ten thousand households, one thousand households, and one hundred households established during the military rule period were changed to roads, prefectures, states, and counties, officially establishing the Yunnan Province of the Central Secretariat. Kunming County was established as the administrative center ofZhongqing Road(Kunming was named after this), and the administrative center was relocated from Dali to Kunming. From then on, Kunming officially became the political, economic, and cultural center of the province. During the reign of the Yuan Dynasty, after initial military plunder and ethnic suppression, policies of taxation and improving ethnic relations gradually replaced them, and large-scale settlements were established, water conservancy was renovated, rent and taxation were established, corv é e labor was exempted, and "Yunnan Post Road" and "road restrictions were lifted to facilitate people's travel" were implemented. During the Yuan Dynasty, officials dug the Haikou River and dredged the Langtang River in the Kunming area, lowering the water level of Dianchi Lake. This not only relieved the city of Kunming from flooding, but also "obtained over ten thousand hectares of fertile land", expanding the area of farmland. And build the Jinzhi River and Songhua Dam at 178#, and divert water from the Panlong River to irrigate farmland on the east bank of Dianchi Lake; Furthermore, sericulture technology was introduced from the mainland to develop the silk industry, enabling farmers and artisans to earn ten times more profits than before, leading to new political and economic development in the Dianchi region during the mid Yuan Dynasty@In the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty's Hongwu reign (1381), after the Ming Dynasty's invasion of Yunnan, the first level administrative division of the Yuan Dynasty's "road" was changed to a prefecture, modeled after the mainland's administrative system, and the Yunnan Provincial Administration was established as the Yunnan Provincial Administration and the Yunnan Provincial Administration. In the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants entered Yunnan, and the Han population in Kunming exceeded the local indigenous population for the first time@During the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, peasant uprisings such as 191 and 193 led by Li Dingguo, as well as 195 led by Emperor Yongli and 197 led by Wu Sangui, successively established political power or imperial palaces in Kunming@In the late Qing Dynasty, since the Opium War in 202 and especially after the Sino French War in 1885, imperialist forces such as France and Britain rapidly invaded Yunnan. The Yunnan Machinery Bureau, founded in 1884, marked the beginning of modern industry in Kunming. Afterwards, government run enterprises such as mints, tanneries, official printing offices, telegraph offices, and post offices also emerged in response to the times. In the 26th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1900),commercial enterprisesbegan to appear in Kunming. In the 30th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1905), Kunming was designated as a commercial port. Kunming was established as a commercial port and the construction of the Yunnan Vietnam Railway in 1910 made Kunming an open city. In the 34th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1908), a small fire wheel appeared in Dianchi Lake, and a "rickshaw company" was also established in the city. In the second year of Xuantong reign (1910), the Yunnan Vietnam Railway was completed in Kunming. Further strengthened Kunming's economic and transportation hub status as the commercial and trade center of the province. By the third year of the Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1911), there were more than ten industries in the city, including matches, flour, glass, cigarettes, hardware, tea making, leather goods processing, Western medicine processing, canned ham, etc. The largest industry was the match industry, with four manufacturers. In addition, there are 43 small-scale mining operations for coal, lead, copper, iron, bowl flower (cobalt) and other minerals. In the third year of the Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1911), the "220# Chongjiu Uprising" overthrew the Qing Dynasty's rule in Yunnan
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), the "First Righteousness of Protecting the Country" erupted in Kunming, and the whole country responded. In 1919, the Yunnan Municipal Office was established, marking the beginning of Kunming's establishment as a city. In 1922, the Kunming Municipal Office was established. On August 1, 1928, the Kunming Municipal Government was established@During the Anti Japanese War, Kunming became one of the economic, cultural, and military strongholds that supported China's resistance against Japan, and became a famous "democratic fortress". In 1937, with the rise of the anti Japanese army, factories and schools from other places were relocated, and a large amount of funds, equipment, and talents flowed into Kunming, promoting a brief prosperity of Kunming's economy. The central government of the Kuomintang and local bureaucratic capital in Yunnan have successively established and started factories and enterprises in Kunming, such as the Central Machinery Factory, Copper Refinery, Electrician Factory, Power Plant, 53rd Arsenal, Electric Power Plant, Spinning Mill, Tobacco Factory, etc@On December 9, 1949, Lu Han led his troops to rebel in Kunming, and Kunming declared its peaceful liberation
On February 20, 1950,the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Armyentered Kunming
On October 15, 2020, the establishment of the Three Provinces and Six Regions Cultural Tourism Promotion Alliance was initiated@On July 30, 2021, the Ministry of Transport decided to name Kunming as a national demonstration city for the construction of a public transportation city@In May 2022, a conference was held in Xishuangbanna Prefecture to jointly build the Mohan International Port City between Kunming City and Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Yunnan Province. The conference reported on the work arrangements and relevant information of Kunming City's trusteeship of Mohan Town in Xishuangbanna Prefecture to jointly build the international port city, marking the official launch of Kunming Kunming joint construction work. In October, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology approved the establishment of a national Internet backbone direct connection point
in Kunming
Administrative divisions
Regional evolution
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the administrative area of Kunming City has undergone several adjustments, expanding from 4.49 square kilometers to 21473 square kilometers@In April of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), "abolished the prefecture and preserved the county", abolished Yunnan Prefecture (269), abolished Kunming County (271), and retained Kunming County (272) under the direct leadership of the provincial government. The urban area of Kunming still belongs to Kunming County in terms of administrative system, but is under the jurisdiction of the provincial police department. In the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), Governor Tang Jiyao abolished the supervision and military, and implemented civilian governance. The provincial capital was designated as a city, and the Yunnan Municipal Office was established at the Huxin Pavilion in Cuihu, which marked the beginning of the municipal government. At that time, Kunming was one of the earliest provincial capitals to establish municipal administration
In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the Yunnan Municipal Office was abolished. On August 1, 1922, the Municipal Office was reinstated, the provincial capital area was designated, separated from Kunming County, and placed under the jurisdiction of the city. It was named Kunming City according to its historical and geographical relationship. The municipal office is directly supervised by the provincial government, and the supervision is appointed by the governor. The area under the jurisdiction of Kunming Municipal Government is 5.4 miles long from east to west and 6.3 miles wide from north to south, with an area of 4.49 square kilometers. Administratively, it is divided into 6 districts
On the 23rd day of the Republic of China (1934), the Kunming Municipal Government issued a decree to transfer 27 villages, both small and large, in the suburbs near Kunming County to the jurisdiction of the city. The total area under the jurisdiction of the city is 19.25 square kilometers@In November 1939, the Yunnan Provincial Government officially approved Kunming as a municipality directly under the Yunnan Provincial Government
In March 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Kunming and established the Kunming Military Control Commission. Simultaneously establish the Kunming Municipal People's Government. The urban area will be taken over according to the original eight district system, and municipal and district governments will be established. At that time, the suburbs were under the jurisdiction of Kunming County (now Guandu and Xishan districts). In history, Kunming was divided into a city and a county, and after being taken over, it was placed under the jurisdiction of Wuding Special Zone. Based on the original sixteen townships and towns, six districts were established according to geographical characteristics and historical factors, and managed by district working committees and district offices. Therefore, at that time, the jurisdiction of Kunming City was still relatively small. Starting from Donghua and Jinma Mountain in the east, facing Hongshan Mountain in the northeast, Mayuan, Huangtupo, and Lingjiaotang in the west, and ending atLuosiwanand Yunnan Spinning Mill in the south, the total area is only about 7.8 square kilometers
@On August 30, 1950, the People's Government of Yunnan Province made a decision to transfer Kunming County from Wuding Special Zone to Kunming City, with 7 districts under its jurisdiction@In February 1951, the municipal government transferred 5 townships around the city to Kunming County, thus creating a suburb with a total of 8 districts under its jurisdiction; Namely: the first district (Chenjiaying), the second district (Guandu), the third district (Dabanqiao), the fourth district (Boluo Village), the fifth district (Datangzi), the sixth district (Gaoqiao), the seventh district (Longtan), and the suburban district (Baima Temple), with the county government located in Majie. At this time, the municipal government directly governed five urban areas (the first district (Shengli Hall), the second district (Yuantong Street), the third district (Xiaojipo), the fourth district (Chongren Street), and the fifth district (Shangyi Street)) and one suburban county, with a total area of 1878.23 square kilometers and a total population of 601215 at the end of the year@In 1953, with the approval of the State Council, the merger of cities and counties was implemented, and the five districts in the city were adjusted to four districts. Revoke the administrative system of Kunming County, and adjust the original 8 districts under its jurisdiction to 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 districts, under the direct leadership of the municipal government. In November 1953, the district office was restructured into a people's government and became a county-level political power. In January 1954, the third district (Haikou) of Kunyang County in Yuxi Special Zone was transferred to Kunming City and renamed as the tenth district@In 1956, the original first and third districts merged to form Panlong District; 2、 Merge the four districts intoWuhua District; The original five and six districts were merged intoGuandu District; Seven districts renamed asLongquan District; Merge the original eight and nine districts into Xishan Districtand Xishan District; Ten districts have been renamed asHaikou District. On October 19th, the Provincial People's Committee approved the request report of Kunming Municipal People's Committee on the work of merging districts. In the same year,Anning Countywas transferred fromChuxiong Special Zoneto Kunming City and changed toAnning District. At present, Kunming City has jurisdiction over 2 urban areas and 5 suburban areas, totaling 7 districts, namely: Panlong District, Wuhua District, Guandu District, Xishan District, Longquan District, Haikou District, and Anning District. The total area is 3363.36 square kilometers, and the year-end population is 822506 people@In December 1958, Longquan District was merged into Guandu District. In 1958,Fumin Countywas transferred fromChuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefectureto Kunming City@In April 1959, some mining areas in Qujing Special Zone, Yiliang County, and Songming County were transferred to Kunming City and established as Mingliang Mining Area. In September, the area was abolished and returned to its original counties. In October, Longquan District was merged into Guandu District, Anning District was abolished, and Anning County was re established; Haikou District was renamed HaixingPeople's Communeand placed under Anning County
In 1960,Jinning Countyin Yuxi Special Zone was transferred to Kunming City (previously,Chenggong Countyand Kunyang County in Yuxi Special Zone were merged into Jinning County in 1958 and 1959, respectively)@In 1961, Haixing People's Commune in Anning County was transferred to Xishan District and renamed Haikou People's Commune. In 1962, five people's communes in Jinning County, including Longjie, Wujiaying, Dayu, Luoyang, and Majinpu, were separated and established as Chenggong District with the number 346. In 1965, the district was abolished and replaced by a county. By 1965, the jurisdiction of Kunming City consisted of 4 districts and 4 counties, namely Panlong District, Wuhua District, Guandu District, Xishan District, Anning County, Fumin County, Jinning County, and Chenggong County. The area is 6465 square kilometers and the year-end population is 1382536 people@In October 1983, with the approval of the State Council, Yiliang County and Songming County in Qujing Special Zone, as well as 351 County in Lunan Yi Autonomous County and 353 County in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, were transferred to Kunming City, expanding the city's jurisdiction to four districts and eight counties@In June 1985, Luquan County was renamed as Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County@On October 13, 1995, Anning County was abolished and replaced by a city@On October 8, 1998, Lunan Yi Autonomous County was renamed as Shilin Yi Autonomous County; Officially renamed in December
On December 6, 1998, the prefecture levelDongchuan Citywas abolished and Kunming CityDongchuan Districtwas establishedXundian Hui and Yi Autonomous Countywas transferred fromQujing Cityto the jurisdiction of Kunming City. In February 1999, it was officially implemented. Thus, the administrative region of present-day Kunming was formed@On July 22, 2004, Kunming officially launched the administrative division adjustment of Wuhua, Panlong, Guandu, and Xishan districts@On May 20, 2011, Chenggong County was upgraded from a county to a district, and the Kunming Municipal People's Government relocated from Dongfeng East Road in Panlong District to Jinxiu Street in Chenggong District
On November 24, 2016, Jinning County was upgraded from a county to a district
Zoning Details
As of October 2022, Kunming City has 7 districts, 3 counties, 1 county-level city under its administration, and 3 autonomous counties, with 81 streets, 42 towns, and 16 townships (including 4 ethnic townships), totaling 139 townships (streets). According to the arrangements and deployments of the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, in 2010, Kunming City took over Yangzong Town in Chengjiang City, Yuxi City, and in 2022, Kunming City and Xishuangbanna Prefecture jointly built Mohan Town in Mengla County. The municipal government is located at No.1 Jinxiu Street, Chenggong District, Kunming City
| Name | Code Zoning | Area (km ²) | Government Resident | Subordinate Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kunming City | 530100 | 21473 | Chenggong District | - |
| Wuhua District | 530102 | 398 | Huashan Street | Huashan Street, Huguo Street, Daguan Street, Longxiang Street, Fengning Street, Lianhua Street, Heilinpu Street, Phuket Street, Xichong Street, Hongyun Street |
| Panlong District | 530103 | 340 | Longquan Street | Longquan Street, Tuodong Street, Gulou Street, Donghua Street, Alliance Street, Jinchen Street, Qingyun Street, Ciba Street, Songhua Street, Shuanglong Street, Dianyuan Street, Aziying Street |
| Guandu District | 530111 | 552 | Guandu Street | Guandu Street, Guanshang Street, Taihe Street, Wujing Street, Jinma Street, Xiaobanqiao Street, Yiliu Street, Liujia Street, Dabanqiao Street, Ala Street |
| Xishan District | 530112 | 791 | Xiyuan Street | Xiyuan Street, Majie Street, Jinbi Street, Yongchang Street, Qianwei Street, Fuhai Street, Zongshuying Street, Biji Street, Haikou Street, Tuanjie Street |
| Dongchuan District | 530113 | @4