Xiaogan Red [Hubei Xiaogan Specialty]

What is Xiaogan Red? Authentic Hubei Xiaogan Specialty: Xiaogan Red

Content Summary:Do you want to know what Xiaogan Red is? This article is a detailed introduction to the local specialty of Xiaogan in Hubei Province, Xiaogan Red. It was compiled and edited by the editorial team of China Specialty Network after reviewing and collecting relevant information on Xiaogan Red. The full text takes about 16 minutes to read, mainly including the basic introduction of Xiaogan Red and its nutritional value? What are the product features of Xiaogan Red? The production method of Xiaogan Red, the awards and honors of Xiaogan Red, and the tasting and eating methods of Xiaogan Red

Basic Introduction to Xiaogan Red

In the Xiaogan Red Production Area, nine types of soil, ranging from red soil to red brown soil, are distributed throughout the city. Among them, high-quality mature soil accounts for 47% of cultivated land. Most of the soil in the tea suitable area belongs to slightly acidic yellow soil, red soil, and yellow brown soil, with a pH value of 4.5-6.5. The soil is fertile and loose, with abundant organic matter content, good water and fertilizer retention performance, comprehensive nutrients, and is particularly suitable for the growth of tea trees. Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are densely distributed, and water resources are abundant. Rivers and ditches are everywhere, making drainage and irrigation convenient. The water quality is clean and pollution-free, making it suitable for the production of Xiaogan Red. The climate in the production area is suitable, belonging to the subtropical continental climate. The climate is mild, with abundant rainfall and sufficient sunshine. The annual average temperature is 15.8 ℃, the annual average relative humidity is 65-85%, the annual frost free period is 260 days, the annual radiation total is 110 kcal/cm ², the annual sunshine hours are 1996.7 hours, and the annual average rainfall is 1112 mm. The difference between north and south is about 250 mm. The tea production area has a large temperature difference between day and night, with an average temperature difference of 10.6 ℃, which is conducive to the accumulation of tea flavor and aroma substances. The planting area of Xiaogan Red is rich in vegetation, with a forest coverage rate of 18.5%, fresh air, clean water quality, pollution-free soil, and excellent ecological environment. The tea area is surrounded by undulating mountains and misty clouds, crisscrossing streams, and scattered tea gardens. It is also far away from cities, towns, industrial areas, and transportation arteries, with good isolation conditions and pollution-free production environment

Geographical Indication Protection Scope of Xiaogan Red Agricultural Products: All tea producing towns and villages in Xiaonan District, Shuangfengshan Management District, Xiaochang County, and Dawu County within the Xiaogan City area. The regional range is: longitude 113 ° 92 ′ 07 ″ -114 ° 12 ′ 16 ″ E, latitude 30 ° 92 ′ 07 ″ -31 ° 57 ′ 08 ″ N. The planting area of Xiaogan Red is 30000 hectares, with an annual output of 50000 tons

1. Xiaogan black tea has strong antioxidant capacity, which can remove toxins from water pollution, enhance immunity, detoxify, detoxify, protect the liver, prevent diabetes, cataract, etc. Overnight tea can be drunk

2. Xiaogan black tea can be consumed in warm, cold, or icy conditions. This tea is strong, bitter, and not astringent, with a sweet aftertaste and a light, refreshing fragrance<3. Xiaogan black tea has a calming effect, so drinking this tea will not cause insomnia

External features of the product

Xiaogan red has a tight and thin appearance, with a brown color that appears golden; The soup has a bright red color, a rich aroma, and a rich, mellow taste that returns to sweetness; The bottom of the leaves is even and uniform, with the characteristics of "one bubble fragrance, two bubbles thick, three bubbles and four bubbles fragrant, high taste and mellow"

Internal quality indicators

Xiaogan Red has unique quality and abundant materials inside. The content of tea polyphenols is ≥ 13.0%; Water extract ≥ 32%; Free amino acids ≥ 1.7%

Health and safety indicators

Pollutant limits should comply with the provisions of GB 2762. The limit of pesticide residues should comply with the provisions of GB 2763

Method of making Xiaogan Red

Xiaogan Red is a Gongfu black tea with specific qualities of "orange red soup, mellow taste, and floral and fruity aroma" made by harvesting and growing new shoots, buds, and leaves of tea trees within the protected geographical indication area, and processing them through withering, rolling, fermentation, drying, and other techniques. The soil of tea gardens must have a high level of natural fertility, deep soil layers (with an effective soil layer of over 60 centimeters), loose soil, good aeration of sandy soil texture, no barriers or water accumulation in the soil, an organic matter content of over 1.5%, rich and balanced nutrition, and a weakly acidic yellow soil with a pH value between 4.5 and 6.5. Generally, steep slopes above 30 ° are not suitable for cultivating tea gardens, and it is best to choose on slopes of 5-25 ° and hilly areas. Tea production areas should be selected in agricultural production areas with good ecological conditions, far from pollution sources, and sustainable production capacity, and the environment should comply with the regulations of "Pollution free Food: Environmental Conditions of Tea Production Areas"

(1) Varieties. Selecting tea varieties with the characteristics of Xiaogan Red, such as Zhongcha 108 and Echa 1, these varieties have strong cold and drought resistance, strong disease and insect resistance, strong propagation ability through cuttings, and high survival rate after transplantation

(2) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. A comprehensive prevention and control measure that focuses on prevention, implements agricultural prevention and control as the foundation, biological prevention and control as the center, and chemical prevention and control as a supplement. During the growing season of tea trees, targeted pesticides should be used for selective treatment, and the safe period of use should be strictly controlled. In terms of prevention and control, plant derived pesticides and biological derived pesticides should be selected as much as possible. In autumn and winter, the tea garden should be sprayed with stone sulfur mixture to clear and seal the garden. At the same time, the use of pesticides should be "rotated and mixed reasonably" to reduce the frequency of use and protect natural enemies

(3) Fertilization. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, combined with a small amount of inorganic fertilizer. It should be applied during the closure of the garden in autumn and winter every year, and it is recommended to dig trenches for deep application. Topdressing is mainly based on quick acting fertilizers, which are generally applied before the germination of tea buds in each season. The ratio of N, P, and K in young tea gardens is 2:1:1, and in mature tea gardens it is 3/4:1:1. The amount of fertilizer applied is based on the amount of fresh leaves harvested in the previous year. For every 100 kilograms of fresh leaves, more than 4 kilograms of pure nitrogen should be applied annually, along with phosphorus, potassium, and micro fertilizers. The use of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process of Xiaogan Red must comply with the "Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution free Food Tea"

(4) Trimming. All types of pruning of tea trees should be carried out after spring tea (around mid May), and proper fertilization and pest control measures should be taken after pruning

(5) Natural disasters. Tea gardens with fertile soil and high management levels have robust tea trees, strong resistance to natural disasters such as drought and freezing, and fast post disaster recovery

Production control

(1) Timely opening of the park. When 5% of the newly sprouted buds and leaves in the tea garden reach the standard of picking one bud and one leaf, the garden can be opened for picking, and they should be picked in batches according to the standard in a timely manner

(2) Picking requirements. Fresh leaves do not contain scales, fish leaves, tea fruits, or other impurities. The picking time must comply with the requirements of the relevant pesticide safety interval. Use breathable, hygienic, and pollution-free tea picking bamboo baskets or baskets to store fresh leaves. The amount of fresh leaves should not affect the quality of the leaves, and the use of non breathable soft packaging materials such as plastic bags is strictly prohibited

(3) Shipping requirements. The fresh leaves harvested should be promptly sent to the processing workshop for timely processing and production. During transportation, be careful to handle and press gently, avoid heavy pressure, sun exposure, rain, and heat, and reduce mechanical damage and deterioration. Fresh leaves are strictly inspected and graded according to standards after entering the factory

(4) Processing and manufacturing. The processing of Xiaogan Red must strictly follow the "Technical Regulations for Processing Pollution free Food Tea". The process flow is: withering rolling fermentation drying fragrance extraction. Withering: Withering is carried out in a withering tank, and the withering environment requires a temperature of 25-30 ℃ and a humidity of 60% -80%; Intermittent blowing, stop blowing every 3 hours for 0.5-1.0 hour. Generally withering for about 12 hours, with no more than 3 flips during this period. Moderate sensory standard for withering: The leaf color changes from bright green to dark green, losing its luster; The buds and leaves lose their tense state; The fresh leaves lose their grassy scent and emit a certain fragrance; The leaves are soft and the tender stems are constantly folded; The general moisture content is about 60%. Rolling: 45, 55, and 65 type rolling machines are selected, with the 45 type rolling machine feeding 15 ± 2 kg of withered leaves, the 55 type rolling machine feeding 30 ± 3 kg of withered leaves, and the 65 type rolling machine feeding 60 ± 5 kg of withered leaves; The rolling time should be controlled within the range of 90-120 minutes, and the tea strip rate should be ≥ 85%. Fermentation: Special fermentation equipment is used, with a fermentation temperature of 27-30 ℃, humidity of 85% -93%, fermentation time of about 3 hours, and flipping once during this period. Fermented leaves exhibit the disappearance of green grass aroma and the appearance of floral and fruity aromas, with a moderate yellow red leaf color. Drying: Use a chain plate dryer to dry the tea leaves, with an area range of 6-10 m2. The drying process is divided into two stages. The first drying is carried out at an inlet temperature of 120 ℃ for about 10 minutes, with a leaf layer thickness of 1.5-2.0 cm. When the tea leaves have a moisture content of about 25%, let them cool for 1-2 hours. The second drying temperature is around 90 ℃, and the leaf thickness is 2.0-3.0 cm. When the tea has a moisture content of about 8%, it is cooled by the machine. Dry using a black tea aroma extractor in two stages. The first stage should be dried at a temperature of 120 ℃, with the upper leaves having a thickness of less than 1.0 cm, for 35-40 minutes until the tea leaves have a moisture content of about 25%. After removing from the machine, mix well and let cool for 2.0-3.0 hours. The second drying temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the leaf thickness is 1.5-2.0 cm. When the tea has a moisture content of about 8%, it is cooled by the machine. Fragrance extraction: Use a fragrance extraction machine to extract fragrance, with a thickness of about 3.0 cm, set the temperature at 80-85 ℃, and reach a moderate moisture content of about 5%. At this point, pinch the tea leaves into powder by hand, and the tea stem will break when folded. Selection: Remove ash, flakes, and powder, and control the amount of crushed powder within 2%. Select tea leaves that are free from stems, non tea impurities, and do not match the tea grade to achieve a purity of over 95%. Classify and grade according to different levels

(5) Storage and transportation. The finished product Xiaogan Red produced should be stored in a dry, hygienic, odorless environment, and the transportation vehicles should also be clean, hygienic, dry, odorless, and pollution-free. During transportation, it should be protected from sunlight, moisture, and rain, and handled with care during loading and unloading. It is strictly prohibited to mix or transport it with toxic, harmful, odorous, or easily contaminated items

Awards and honors of Xiaogan Red

"Top Ten Popular Tea Brands in Hubei Province in 2019"

Tasting and Eating Methods of Xiaogan Red

1. Pour an appropriate amount of tea into a cup

2. Pour 3 points of water first, then 7 points of water

3. Taste and wait for a few minutes, carefully taste. Packaging Regulations:

Producers and operators within the production area of "Xiaogan Red" who use registered and protected "Xiaogan Red" agricultural product geographical indications on their products or packaging must apply to the registration certificate holder and produce and use the indications in accordance with relevant requirements.

We will adopt a unified labeling method that combines product names with public geographical indications for agricultural products