Heishan Jinfeng Pear [Liaoning Heishan Specialty]

What is Heishan Jinfeng Pear? Authentic Liaoning Heishan specialty: Heishan Jinfeng pear

Content summary:Do you want to know what Heishan Jinfeng pear is? This article is a specialized article that provides a detailed introduction to theHeishan specialty of Liaoning Province - Heishan Jinfeng Pear. The editorial team of China Specialty Network reviewed and collected relevant information on Heishan Jinfeng Pear, and reorganized and edited it. The full text takes about 16 minutes to read, mainly including the basic introduction of Heishan Jinfeng Pear and the product characteristics of Heishan Jinfeng Pear? The awards and honors of Heishan Jinfeng Pear, etc

Basic introduction of Heishan Jinfeng pear

Jinfeng pear was crossbred from apple pear as the female parent and pear as the male parent by the Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Jinfeng pear ripens in late September and early October in Heishan area. The average weight of a single fruit is 240 grams, the fruit is round and spherical, the skin is yellow green, and it turns golden yellow after storage. The fruit has large and obvious spots, fine and crisp flesh, and a lot of juice. It has a sweet and sour taste, aroma, and contains 135% soluble substances. It is of high quality and resistant to storage; The flavor is better after storage

Regional Scope

Heishan Jinfeng Pear is produced in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, with the 102 line as the boundary. It is located east of Zhen'an Township and Baichangmen Town, north of Hujia Town and Wuliangdian Town, and west of Yingchengzi Township, including Yingchengzi Township, Xinlitun Town, Fangshan Town, Badaohao Town, Taihe Town, Baichangmen Town, Zhen'an Township, Wuliangdian Town, Xuetun Township, Hujia Town and other 10 townships. Heishan County is located in the northern part of the Liaohe Plain, with geographical coordinates of 121 ° 48 ′ 45 ″ -122 ° 37 ′ 30 ″ E and 41 ° 27 ′ 30 ″ -42 ° 7 ′ 30 ″ N. The lowest point in the county is 5.3m above sea level, and the highest peak is 381m above sea level. The production area of Heishan Jinfeng pear is mainly located in the northwest of Heishan County, bordering Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhangwu County to the north, and adjacent to Beizhen City to the west. The total production area is 6667 hectares, with an annual total output of 17325 tons

Natural ecological environment and cultural and historical factors

(1) Soil topography: The soil in Heishan County can be roughly divided into six types: meadow soil, brown soil, sandy soil, swamp soil, saline soil, paddy soil, etc., with meadow soil being the most common, followed by brown soil, and other soil types only sporadically distributed. The soil pH value is between 6.5-7.5. The soil fertility is moderate, with an organic matter content between 0.8-1.5%. The geological structure of Heishan County belongs to a part of the ancient land of Taiyin Mountain in North China. The terrain of the whole county is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, slightly sloping. The northwest hills are undulating, with small plains in between, making it the hilly area of Heishan County; The central plain is vast and flat, with isolated small hills in between; The southeastern region has a low-lying terrain and was an ancient marshland, forming an alluvial plain around the Yang and Dongsha rivers

(2) Hydrological situation: The main rivers in Heishan County include Raoyang River, Dongsha River, Yangchang River, as well as 5 small and medium-sized reservoirs. The total drainage area of the county is 2486.5 km2, and the annual average surface runoff is 129 million m3. Heishan County has abundant groundwater resources, with a total storage capacity of 287 million m3/year. The water quality is clear and pure, making it an ideal water source for industrial, agricultural, production, and domestic use

(3) Climate situation: Heishan County has distinct four seasons and belongs to a warm temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate. Spring is dry and rainy, with rapid warming and high evaporation; Summer is hot, with concentrated rainfall and high humidity; Autumn is cold and less rainy, with ample sunshine and a large temperature difference between day and night; Winter is cold with little snow, and the climate is dry. The annual average temperature is 7.9 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 568.4mm, and the annual total precipitation is 1.293 billion m3. The average annual sunshine hours are 2785 hours, and the total annual solar radiation is 136.7 kcal/cm2. Southwest winds prevail throughout the year, with an average annual wind speed of 4.3m/s. The average first frost occurs on October 1st, and the average final frost occurs on April 21st, with an average frost free period of 163 days. During the growing season of crops in Heishan County, there is abundant sunshine and moderate rainfall, and the heat conditions are sufficient for the growth of Jinfeng pears

(4) Cultural and historical situation: Heishan County has a long history with multiple ancient ruins within its borders. During the Liberation War, Heishan County was the main battlefield of the famous Heishan Blockade and Liaoxi Campaign. Since the introduction of Jinfeng pear in Heishan County, the county party committee and government have set clear development goals, making Jinfeng pear one of the four pillar industries in the county, and directly linking it with the performance of the township (town) leadership team. In 2006, Heishan County was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture as a national standardized production base for green food raw materials (Jinfeng pear)

Production technology requirements

(1) Origin selection: Yingchengzi Township, Xinlitun Town, Fangshan Town, Badaohao Town, Taihe Town, Baichangmen Town, Zhen'an Township, Wuliangdian Town, Xuetun Township, Hujia Town and other 10 townships in Heishan County. The environmental quality of the origin must meet the requirements of the "Technical Conditions for Green Food Origin Environment" (NY/T391-2000)

(2) Variety selection: Jinfeng pear was crossbred from the Xingcheng Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with apple pear as the female parent and Zi pear as the male parent. In 1975, Heishan County introduced Jinfeng pear seedlings and scions from Xingcheng Fruit Tree Research Institute. The seedlings were planted in Wangbaoguo Fruit Tree Farm in Fangshan Town, and the scions were used to cultivate fruit seedlings in Fangshan Town Nursery and Yangtun Nursery. After the seedlings were grown, they were planted in various orchards throughout the county. The seedlings planted for Heishan Jinfeng pear must be selected from the base without any pests or diseases

(3) Production process management: The production process of Heishan Jinfeng pear must strictly follow the "Heishan Jinfeng Pear Production Operation Regulations". The use of pesticides and fertilizers in the production process must comply with the "Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Pesticides" (NY/T393-2000) and the "Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers" (NY/T394-2000)

Deep excavation of soil. From July to August, a ditch is opened outward at a depth of 30cm on the inner side of the vertical projection of the outer edge of the tree crown. The ditch is 50-100cm wide and 60-80cm deep, forming a semi-circular shape. After applying sufficient manure in the ditch, the topsoil is filled back. The direction of the ditch excavation should be changed every year and gradually expanded outward to create favorable conditions for root growth Reasonable fertilization. Combined with deep soil tillage, apply 3000kg/year of agricultural fertilizer to each adult pear tree; During the peak flowering period, spray 300 times borax on the leaves once to increase the fruit yield; During the growth period, spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase fruit coloring and content Watering in a timely manner. Drip flower and fruit preservation water once a year before flowering. From late October to early November, irrigate with frozen water once to ensure the safe overwintering and occurrence of freezing damage to fruit trees. Timely irrigate according to business conditions during the growing season. B. Reasonable pruning. Heishan Jinfeng pear mainly adopts a dispersed layered tree structure to ensure a full tree structure, strong transparency inside and outside the crown, uniform fruiting, high yield and good quality. The tree structure is as follows: the trunk height is 50-60cm, with 5-6 main branches, divided into upper and lower layers, with a layer spacing of 1-1.2m. Each main branch retains 2-3 lateral branches, and the tree height is about 4.5m. The pruning characteristics of Heishan Jinfeng pear are: in addition to shortening the main and side branches, more upright branches, overly dense branches, and overly strong branches should be pruned, and flat and oblique branches should be slowly placed to promote the formation of flower buds. C. Flower and fruit management. Artificial thinning of flowers and fruits should be carried out from the elongation of the inflorescence to the flowering stage, with the best thinning occurring before the flowers bloom. The appropriate ratio of flowers to leaves is 1:5. The fruit thinning time is generally from late May to early June, and can be carried out 7 days after flowering. Leave one fruit at 20-25cm, ensuring that 40-50 leaves leave one fruit. Weak branches can leave relatively fewer fruits. Strong trees can leave more fruits appropriately. D. Fruit bagging. After thinning the fruits, cover them with a specially made paper bag (around early June) to allow the fruits to grow and develop inside the bag, preventing contamination and damage from pests. The paper bag must be torn open 20 days before harvesting to facilitate fruit coloring

(4) Product harvesting and post harvest processing: Heishan Jinfeng pear is harvested after October 1st every year. After harvesting, the fruits must be graded and packaged. The fruit baskets should be tightly sealed with kraft paper and placed in a single layer in the fruit yard for pre cooling, taking care to avoid direct sunlight and rain. The storage time for Heishan Jinfeng pears in the cellar is in early November. Depending on the weather conditions, they are stored before the arrival of a strong cold wave. Before entering the cellar, a strict selection of stored fruits must be carried out to thoroughly eliminate pests, diseases, collisions, and crushing damage to the fruits. Place a layer of 5-10cm thick river sand at the bottom of the cellar, seal the edges of the fruit basket tightly with kraft paper, and code it in a "V" shape on the river sand. The temperature inside the cellar is controlled between -2-3 ℃, and the humidity is maintained at 80% to 90%

(5) Production record requirements: Throughout the production process of Heishan Jinfeng pear, a field production file must be established, fully recorded, and properly preserved for future reference

Typical quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External sensory characteristics: Heishan Jinfeng pear has a nearly spherical shape with aroma, green yellow skin, golden yellow after storage, thick and glossy wax, and large and obvious fruit spots. The weight of a single fruit is 230-280g

(2) Internal quality indicators: Heishan Jinfeng pear has thin skin, thick flesh, white flesh, tender, crispy, juicy, and sweet and sour taste. The content of soluble solids is 15%, soluble sugars are 13.5%, and soluble acids are 0.25%

(3) Safety requirements: Heishan Jinfeng pear shall comply with the "Green Food Temperate Fruit" (NY/T844-2004) standard

Regulations on packaging labeling

(1) Grading: Mature Heishan Jinfeng pears are divided into three levels: special, excellent, and first-class

(2) Packaging: Wicker basket packaging, 20kg/basket

(3) Identification: The user of the identification shall uniformly use the geographical indication of agricultural products (the combination of the name of Heishan Jinfeng pear and the public identification pattern) on their products or packaging

(4) Other: The storage and transportation of Heishan Jinfeng pear shall comply with the "Green Food Storage and Transportation Guidelines" (NY/T1056-2006)

Jinfeng pear has a yellow green skin, smooth surface, white flesh, small heart, tender flesh, crispy and juicy texture, sweet and sour taste, and a single fruit weight of 250 grams. When apples and pears are harvested, their skin turns green and yellow, and after storage, they turn yellow. The sunny side has a reddish hue, the core is extremely small, the flesh is fine and crispy, and the taste is sweet and sour. The average weight of a single fruit is 250 grams

Honors of Heishan Jinfeng Pear

Heishan Jinfeng Pear was confirmed as one of the first batch of agricultural geographical indication products by the Ministry of Agriculture in Announcement No. 1054. In 1996, it was awarded the gold medal by the High Quality Fruit Evaluation Committee of Liaoning Provincial People's Government. Apple pear was awarded the Silver Award by the Provincial Government's Quality Fruit Evaluation Committee for two consecutive years in 1996 and 1998. It has registered two brand trademarks, "Fangshan Brand" and "Huangma Brand", with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce