Weining Buckwheat [Guizhou Weining Specialty]

What is Weining buckwheat? Authentic Guizhou Weining specialty: Weining buckwheat

Content summary:Do you want to know what Weining buckwheat is? This article is a detailed introduction to Weining Buckwheat, a specialty of Weining, Guizhou Province. It was compiled and edited by the editorial team of China Specialty Network after reviewing and collecting relevant information on Weining Buckwheat. The full text takes about 11 minutes to read, mainly including the basic introduction of Weining Buckwheat and the product characteristics of Weining Buckwheat? How did the history of Weining buckwheat come about? Wait

Basic Introduction of Buckwheat in Weining

Weining has a long history of planting buckwheat and is known as the "Small Buckwheat, Big World" and "Buckwheat Township". It is one of the "Three Major Buckwheat" planting bases in China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou). Weining County belongs to a low latitude and high altitude area, with a distinct subtropical monsoon humid climate. It has the characteristics of "no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, large daily temperature difference, and small annual temperature difference". The highest altitude in the county is 2890 meters, the lowest altitude is 1234 meters, and the average is 2200 meters. The annual sunshine hours are 1800-2000 hours, and it enjoys the reputation of "Sunshine City". The unique terrain, climate, and environment have nurtured natural, ecological, and pollution-free bitter buckwheat

Origin Environment

Weining County, Bijie City is located in the Wumeng Mountain area in western Guizhou Province. The county town has an altitude of 2230 meters, an average temperature of 10.4 ℃, an annual average rainfall of 960 millimeters, a frost free period of 180 days, and 2008 hours of sunshine. The geographical environment is divided into three zones: Liangshan, Banliangshan, and valley areas. The total area of the county is over 6300 square kilometers, about 9.4425 million acres, and the annual cultivated land area is about 3 million acres, of which about one-third of the land is suitable for planting buckwheat. Buckwheat is a crop that prefers warmth, coolness, moisture, strong adaptability, and short growth period. The special bioclimatic conditions in Weining are most suitable for the growth and development of buckwheat, especially in the Liangshan and semi Liangshan areas above 2300 meters, which are superior areas for planting buckwheat. Buckwheat planting accounts for more than 70% of buckwheat production. Sweet buckwheat is planted in the semi Liangshan area, and is generally used as a summer and autumn idle crop or disaster relief crop in the valley area

Quality and technical requirements

1. Variety type and name

Suitable bitter buckwheat varieties such as Qianku 3 and Qianku 7

2. Site conditions

Altitude: 1800 to 2800 meters. The soil type is yellow brown soil and the texture is loam soil. The soil pH value is 4.5 to 6.5, the soil organic matter is ≥ 1.0%, and the soil layer thickness is ≥ 30 centimeters

III. Cultivation Management

1. Sowing: Crop rotation for more than one year. Spring sowing: late April to early May, summer sowing: late June to early June, autumn sowing: late July to early August; Sow 60-75 kilograms per hectare

2. Fertilization: Apply at least 15000 kilograms of farmyard manure per hectare per year

3. Harvest: More than 2/3 of the seeds turn into seed color before harvesting

4. Processing

1. Processing technology flow

Rice processing flow

Initial removal of impurities → soaking → curing → drying → shelling → screening → packaging

Noodle processing flow

Initial removal of impurities → grinding → screening → maturation → shaping → drying → packaging

2. Processing points

The soaking time should be kept at 8 to 10 hours, the curing temperature should be between 80 ℃ and 110 ℃, and the time should be between 20 minutes and 30 minutes; Dry to a moisture content of ≤ 13.0%; Sieve until the color is uniform and there is no graininess when pinched by hand

Fifth, Quality Features

1. Sensory Features

Buckwheat Rice:

The particles are uniform, full, black brown or yellow brown, with a bright color

Buckwheat noodles:

The color is uniform, ranging from light yellow to yellow brown, with a strong chestnut aroma

2. Physical and chemical indicators: flavonoids (dry basis, calculated as rutin) ≥ 1.5%, crude protein ≥ 11.0%, crude fat ≥ 2.5%, moisture ≤ 13.0%

3. Safety and other quality technical requirements: Product safety and other quality technical requirements must comply with relevant national regulations

Use of Special Marks

Producers within the production area of Weining buckwheat can apply to the Market Supervision Administration of Weining Yi, Hui and Miao Autonomous County to use the "Geographical Indication Product Special Mark". After being reviewed by the Guizhou Provincial Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau and approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, it will be announced. The testing institution for Weining buckwheat is selected by the Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision from qualified testing institutions

The cultivation of buckwheat is relatively simple. Because its entire reproductive period is extremely short. After the main crop is harvested, it is possible to replant a crop of buckwheat, which not only increases the multiple cropping index but also facilitates crop rotation with other crops. This situation was quite common during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The book "Tian Gong Kai Wu" states that "all buckwheat must be harvested from rice in the south and millet in the north before planting. The "Agricultural Garden Overview" also states that after harvesting millet, "plant and raise wheat on the land". The "Ma Shou Nong Yan" also states that "buckwheat is mostly planted in wheat fields this year". The Ming Dynasty's "Nourishing Yu Yue Ling" and the Qing Dynasty's "Simple Book of Disaster Relief" both pointed out that buckwheat can be mixed with alfalfa until "when the buckwheat is harvested, the alfalfa takes root and grows naturally the next year." The "Nong Sang Jing" advocates that "if there are many fields, they should be planted with vegetables every year